Chapman reflex points

Chapman reflex points refer to nerve gangliform contractions located deep in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, most often within the deep fascia or periosteum of the bone. These neurolymphatic points are found in specific areas of the body that correspond to visceral dysfunctions. Pain at any of these points represents potential internal dysfunction or pathology of a specific organ. They can be felt as small, discrete, and smooth palpable nodules, approximately 2–3 mm in diameter. Although Chapman points are typically diagnostic, they may also be manipulated for therapeutic purposes.

• First described by Dr. Frank Chapman in the 1920s as “gangliform contracted lymphoid tissue nodules”
• Arise due to lymphatic congestion or blockage from nerve sheaths at free nerve endings
• Primarily correspond to the sympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system running along dermatomal patterns

Chapman points should not be confused with myofascial trigger points (MTrP) or Jones (counterstrain) tender points.

• Round, smooth, discrete, and tender palpable nodules (∼ 2–3 mm in diameter)
• When compressed, they cause sharp, non-radiating pain
• Associated with visceral dysfunctions (i.e., viscerosomatic reflexes)
• Location
  • Anterior Chapman points: within the deep fascia (e.g., intercostal space, sternocostal and costochondral junction)
  • Posterior Chapman points: periosteum of a bone (e.g., vertebral transverse and spinous processes)

HEENT

Cardiorespiratory

Gastrointestinal

Genitourinary

Endocrine

General considerations

Chapman reflex points are typically utilized selectively for diagnostic purposes. However, they may also be manipulated for therapeutic purposes.

• Somatic manifestations help diagnose visceral dysfunctions.
• Both the anterior and posterior points need to be present to be considered a Chapman reflex.
• Reflex points can be slightly painful to extremely tender without radiation → signifies potential visceral dysfunctions of the corresponding organ

Treatment

• Goal: decrease sympathetic tone, improve myofascial motion and lymphatic drainage
• Technique: apply deep, firm, or gentle pressure, alternating clockwise and counterclockwise motions for 1–5 minutes, until the point softens or disappears and the pain is reduced.
• Associated somatic dysfunctions may also be treated separately.